Saturday, 19 January 2013
Monday, 14 January 2013
Short essay on Pakistan Movement
The Pakistan Movement is similar to the spirit of Islam. The War of Independence in 1857 was an announced declaration of the Muslim strength of revolution against the oppressing power of the British government and its stooges present in the Sub continent. Frustration, dearth of direction and planning lowered the rank of Muslims after the failure of this war. It was after this war that leaders such as Sir Syed Ahmad Khan emerged who became a guiding light for Muslims in India. Muslims were in distress and he said that education is power; he used this mantra to raise their spirits.
He added that Muslims could enhance their political, social and economic position only through the medium of modern, scientific education. In fact it was Sir Syed that created the concept of a separate Muslim state on the grounds of religion, culture and history. He encouraged the Muslims of the sub-continent to ask for a home nation where they could live their lives according to the Quran and the holy sunnah.
After the creation of the Indian national congress in 1885, the visionary Muslim leaders saw this move as a threat and warned Muslims of its dangers. Hence in 1906 the Muslim league was formed to challenge the Indian national congress. This is when the concept of two different states for Muslims and Hindus emerged. Many Maulanas supported this vision created initially by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan and spread its ideas all around the sub-continent.
However it can be said that the most important contribution came from Dr. Mohammad Iqbal, the amazing philosopher and poet to the creation of Muslim nationalism. It was through his poetic and religious-philosophical works that the idea of Pakistan gained support. Islam in his philosophy is a form of national unity and includes all political beliefs. In the All India Muslim's league's session in Allahbad in 1930, Dr. Iqbal's address represented the first conceptual idea for the establishment of an independent Islamic state in old India.
From 1937, it was the founder of Pakistan Mr. Mohammad Ali Jinnah that encouraged in the Muslim community the concept of Muslims uniting into a charismatic community; this synchronized their sense of power with the sense of a united community. As time passed the Quaid became a symbol for Muslim Nationalism in Human form. He was launched as the Quaid even before the initiation of the Pakistan Movement in March, 1940. Due to the continued stubbornness of the Indian national congress, it was in 1940 that the league formed the resolution on the 23rd march.
It was designed on the principal that areas in which the Muslims would be in Majority would be grouped together to create an independent state. After the difficult struggle by the Muslims, the British Parliament was forced to agree to the Indian Independence Act in 1947, leading to the creation of Pakistan on 14th August in 1947. It was on this historic day that Quaid-e-Azam addressed the first session of the Pakistan's Constituent Assembly ad appreciated the services and sacrifices of all Muslims in the Sub continent in the creation of Pakistan.
He added that Muslims could enhance their political, social and economic position only through the medium of modern, scientific education. In fact it was Sir Syed that created the concept of a separate Muslim state on the grounds of religion, culture and history. He encouraged the Muslims of the sub-continent to ask for a home nation where they could live their lives according to the Quran and the holy sunnah.
After the creation of the Indian national congress in 1885, the visionary Muslim leaders saw this move as a threat and warned Muslims of its dangers. Hence in 1906 the Muslim league was formed to challenge the Indian national congress. This is when the concept of two different states for Muslims and Hindus emerged. Many Maulanas supported this vision created initially by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan and spread its ideas all around the sub-continent.
However it can be said that the most important contribution came from Dr. Mohammad Iqbal, the amazing philosopher and poet to the creation of Muslim nationalism. It was through his poetic and religious-philosophical works that the idea of Pakistan gained support. Islam in his philosophy is a form of national unity and includes all political beliefs. In the All India Muslim's league's session in Allahbad in 1930, Dr. Iqbal's address represented the first conceptual idea for the establishment of an independent Islamic state in old India.
From 1937, it was the founder of Pakistan Mr. Mohammad Ali Jinnah that encouraged in the Muslim community the concept of Muslims uniting into a charismatic community; this synchronized their sense of power with the sense of a united community. As time passed the Quaid became a symbol for Muslim Nationalism in Human form. He was launched as the Quaid even before the initiation of the Pakistan Movement in March, 1940. Due to the continued stubbornness of the Indian national congress, it was in 1940 that the league formed the resolution on the 23rd march.
It was designed on the principal that areas in which the Muslims would be in Majority would be grouped together to create an independent state. After the difficult struggle by the Muslims, the British Parliament was forced to agree to the Indian Independence Act in 1947, leading to the creation of Pakistan on 14th August in 1947. It was on this historic day that Quaid-e-Azam addressed the first session of the Pakistan's Constituent Assembly ad appreciated the services and sacrifices of all Muslims in the Sub continent in the creation of Pakistan.
Short essay on the Educational System of Pakistan
The educational system of Pakistan has been a topic of debate in the country since independence. There are different points of views regarding what type of education system would be in the best interest of the country and yet there has been no consensus on this matter.
The educational system of Pakistan could be divided into three categories:
Cambridge Education System:
This education system involves a curriculum based on the UK standard of education. Only the rich and elite of the country could afford having their children acquire UK based education. A majority of children who have acquired Cambridge level education go to foreign countries for higher education. This creates a disparity between the rich and the poor as the employers prefer candidates of the Cambridge education system over others.
Pakistan Secondary Education System:
This type of education system is basically provided by the private and governmental schools. The schools for the middle class students is one in which half of the instructions are in English and the other half in Urdu. If these children are lucky to have parents who could afford the fees of recognized colleges then they are able to go to colleges of their preference, provided they have good grades previously. For children belonging to the lower class, have to study in a full Urdu medium school with little know how about English which is now considered to be a standard medium for education internationally. These people generally occupy the low standard and low paid jobs of clerks, salesmen, factory workers and etc.
Madressah Education System:
It deals with educating children about Islam. Children are basically educated with religious teachings and have no knowledge or education about worldly subjects.
There are various problems associated with these types of systems. The Cambridge Education System in not accepted by many because it promotes inequality in the society as only a smaller proportion of the country's children are able to acquire it because of it being expensive. The secondary education system in which there are private and government schools is criticized for not providing quality education as their teachers have lesser qualifications and are not able to equip the students with the knowledge required to compete in the job market. Urdu being used as a medium of education is not welcomed both because in times of globalization it is important to know the language which is most commonly understood in the world or the language which meets international requirements and English is not being taught in many of these schools.
What could be done is that the government should form a research team immediately which would try to find out which type of education system is in the larger interest of the country. Professionals from different fields including doctors, businessmen, engineers, lawyers etc. should be made part of this team so a consensus could be formed on the type of education system for the children of Pakistan. There is no doubt that the solution lies in a single education system for all children across the country provided that the quality of education being provided is of international standard.
The educational system of Pakistan could be divided into three categories:
Cambridge Education System:
This education system involves a curriculum based on the UK standard of education. Only the rich and elite of the country could afford having their children acquire UK based education. A majority of children who have acquired Cambridge level education go to foreign countries for higher education. This creates a disparity between the rich and the poor as the employers prefer candidates of the Cambridge education system over others.
Pakistan Secondary Education System:
This type of education system is basically provided by the private and governmental schools. The schools for the middle class students is one in which half of the instructions are in English and the other half in Urdu. If these children are lucky to have parents who could afford the fees of recognized colleges then they are able to go to colleges of their preference, provided they have good grades previously. For children belonging to the lower class, have to study in a full Urdu medium school with little know how about English which is now considered to be a standard medium for education internationally. These people generally occupy the low standard and low paid jobs of clerks, salesmen, factory workers and etc.
Madressah Education System:
It deals with educating children about Islam. Children are basically educated with religious teachings and have no knowledge or education about worldly subjects.
There are various problems associated with these types of systems. The Cambridge Education System in not accepted by many because it promotes inequality in the society as only a smaller proportion of the country's children are able to acquire it because of it being expensive. The secondary education system in which there are private and government schools is criticized for not providing quality education as their teachers have lesser qualifications and are not able to equip the students with the knowledge required to compete in the job market. Urdu being used as a medium of education is not welcomed both because in times of globalization it is important to know the language which is most commonly understood in the world or the language which meets international requirements and English is not being taught in many of these schools.
What could be done is that the government should form a research team immediately which would try to find out which type of education system is in the larger interest of the country. Professionals from different fields including doctors, businessmen, engineers, lawyers etc. should be made part of this team so a consensus could be formed on the type of education system for the children of Pakistan. There is no doubt that the solution lies in a single education system for all children across the country provided that the quality of education being provided is of international standard.
The amount of air pollution in Pakistan's major cities like Lahore and Karachi is 20 times higher than the World Health Organization standards. There are layers of smog, dust and smoke that exist over Karachi. There is also a prominent smell of gasoline that infiltrates air. Islamabad which is the capital city of Pakistan is known to be covered with thick layer smog that actually keeps hidden the view of Margalla hills.
So pollution is very prominent and exists to a threatening level in Pakistan. It comes from cars, factories and other such sources and Pakistanis are daily breathing polluted air. It is unfortunate that only a couple of people actually are aware of the depth of its effects on their and their children's health. Pollution is known to cause coughing, sore throats and nasal discharge. In extreme cases it can also lead to asthma, tumors, lung damage and death. The first step to avoid pollution is to educate Pakistanis about pollution, its description, its causes, its effects and ways to control it.
Now ways to control pollution is to firstly read up all you can about pollution, the internet is a great source of information. There are many environmental organizations as well that have informative websites on ecology and pollution. Try and find as much as you can online and search for articles that explain pollution in a straightforward manner. Those organizations that are not on the web try and find out if they have pamphlets about pollution and its effects and what citizens can do about it. After gathering all the information and compiling it, try and get it translated in Urdu, make sure there are no copyright issues. Try and get a professional translator if you can. The next step is printing; this would require some funding, if funding is too expensive then try and get donations.
Afterwards distribute the work amongst family and friends, give it to a couple of newspapers, so it can be published and could benefit the masses. Also in order to help schools teach about pollution, you could visit these schools see how children are taught and provide teachers with your work to help them have better material. Another way to help is by writing or developing articles to give to the visitors coming into Pakistan, the topic of these articles would be how a visitor to the country can keep him or herself healthy from the effects of pollution when he visits.
Creating a website about pollution is also another magnificent way to educate others about the topic. It will be of use to Pakistanis all around the globe, it even may encourage others to do something about pollution and fight it. The website could also comprise of translated pamphlets, information about what people can do about pollution in Pakistan and other such information. You can also include links to other sites that talk about that topic.
Then last step is trying to reach those organizations in Pakistan that are known to be number one polluters. Start a campaign in newspapers and on your websites which tries and makes them accountable for their acts. By exposing them you could motivate them to take up certain measures. But make sure you also take steps to appreciate the industries that are making an effort to keep the environment clean.
So pollution is very prominent and exists to a threatening level in Pakistan. It comes from cars, factories and other such sources and Pakistanis are daily breathing polluted air. It is unfortunate that only a couple of people actually are aware of the depth of its effects on their and their children's health. Pollution is known to cause coughing, sore throats and nasal discharge. In extreme cases it can also lead to asthma, tumors, lung damage and death. The first step to avoid pollution is to educate Pakistanis about pollution, its description, its causes, its effects and ways to control it.
Now ways to control pollution is to firstly read up all you can about pollution, the internet is a great source of information. There are many environmental organizations as well that have informative websites on ecology and pollution. Try and find as much as you can online and search for articles that explain pollution in a straightforward manner. Those organizations that are not on the web try and find out if they have pamphlets about pollution and its effects and what citizens can do about it. After gathering all the information and compiling it, try and get it translated in Urdu, make sure there are no copyright issues. Try and get a professional translator if you can. The next step is printing; this would require some funding, if funding is too expensive then try and get donations.
Afterwards distribute the work amongst family and friends, give it to a couple of newspapers, so it can be published and could benefit the masses. Also in order to help schools teach about pollution, you could visit these schools see how children are taught and provide teachers with your work to help them have better material. Another way to help is by writing or developing articles to give to the visitors coming into Pakistan, the topic of these articles would be how a visitor to the country can keep him or herself healthy from the effects of pollution when he visits.
Creating a website about pollution is also another magnificent way to educate others about the topic. It will be of use to Pakistanis all around the globe, it even may encourage others to do something about pollution and fight it. The website could also comprise of translated pamphlets, information about what people can do about pollution in Pakistan and other such information. You can also include links to other sites that talk about that topic.
Then last step is trying to reach those organizations in Pakistan that are known to be number one polluters. Start a campaign in newspapers and on your websites which tries and makes them accountable for their acts. By exposing them you could motivate them to take up certain measures. But make sure you also take steps to appreciate the industries that are making an effort to keep the environment clean.
Short essay on Pakistani Wedding
A Pakistani wedding is a traditional ceremony which rejoices on the wedlock of a bride and groom. It brings together the families of the bride and groom in the many occasions that take place. In Pakistan the wedding ceremony is of immense importance. Various cultures have distinct ways of celebrating the wedlock of two individuals through different traditions. Pakistan being a Muslim country situated in South Asia and the greater Middle East has a vibrant culture with many customs. A Pakistani wedding is a festive arrangement, with a lot of fun. It is a celebration that is looked forward to by everyone; there are many pre wedding customs and rituals. Many of the customs that are practiced in Pakistan have no roots to Islam and these customs have been embraced from ceremonies and traditions of the Hindu culture.
The first custom is known as a mangni which is actually an engagement ceremony, marks the official engagement of the couple. This is a small ceremony takes place in front of few family members of the would- be bride and groom. Prayer and blessings are recited and the wedding date is determined. The next ceremony is the Mayun it is a custom where the bride enters a state of isolation for 8 to 15 days prior to the wedding, she is free from doing all chores and running errands and the bride and groom are not allowed to see each other, in fact the bride can't even leave her house. This is when the beautification rituals begin. Uptan is the next small event in which a paste is formed using turmeric, sandalwood powder, herbs and oils, which the groom's mother brings for the bride. She blesses the bride and applies the uptan - mixture on her face and hands. The uptan ceremony is also held for the groom, in fact uptan is supposed to make the bride look pretty and she applies it daily until the wedding.
The Dolki is a singing ceremony and traditional wedding songs are sung accompanied by two or three instruments, a dolki being the primary instrument. In these events the bride is officially treated as a bride or a dulhan, she wears a traditional Pakistani yellow outfit and her siblings and friends escort her to the event. The mehendi is actualluy a hena party which takes place before the wedding. It's a ceremony consisting primarily of females, they apply henna on the bride and each other, they sing and dance and sadka is performed on the bride- that is they ward off evil from the bride. After the ceremony there is dinner, and traditionally the bride veils her face in the ceremony. Mehendi is done on the groom's side as well, with the groom, the bride does not participate.
The Baraat and Nikah usually happen together or one after the other. It is the official ceremony of the wedding; it is when the grooms family and relatives or friends make way to the bride's home. They are warmly welcomed. It is there that they share juices and foods and meet and greet each other. This mainly happens in the baraat. The nikah is the purely Islamic ritual, it is attended by only close members, men and women are seated separately. The nikah nama contains certain terms and conditions which are written and agreed upon by both the parties. The next ceremony is the ruksati in which the bride fare wells to her family and is taken to her in laws house. The last ceremony is the Valima which is more like a wedding reception. Hence Pakistani weddings are extensive consisting of many rituals and customs, thus they are colorful and amusing for all.
The first custom is known as a mangni which is actually an engagement ceremony, marks the official engagement of the couple. This is a small ceremony takes place in front of few family members of the would- be bride and groom. Prayer and blessings are recited and the wedding date is determined. The next ceremony is the Mayun it is a custom where the bride enters a state of isolation for 8 to 15 days prior to the wedding, she is free from doing all chores and running errands and the bride and groom are not allowed to see each other, in fact the bride can't even leave her house. This is when the beautification rituals begin. Uptan is the next small event in which a paste is formed using turmeric, sandalwood powder, herbs and oils, which the groom's mother brings for the bride. She blesses the bride and applies the uptan - mixture on her face and hands. The uptan ceremony is also held for the groom, in fact uptan is supposed to make the bride look pretty and she applies it daily until the wedding.
The Dolki is a singing ceremony and traditional wedding songs are sung accompanied by two or three instruments, a dolki being the primary instrument. In these events the bride is officially treated as a bride or a dulhan, she wears a traditional Pakistani yellow outfit and her siblings and friends escort her to the event. The mehendi is actualluy a hena party which takes place before the wedding. It's a ceremony consisting primarily of females, they apply henna on the bride and each other, they sing and dance and sadka is performed on the bride- that is they ward off evil from the bride. After the ceremony there is dinner, and traditionally the bride veils her face in the ceremony. Mehendi is done on the groom's side as well, with the groom, the bride does not participate.
The Baraat and Nikah usually happen together or one after the other. It is the official ceremony of the wedding; it is when the grooms family and relatives or friends make way to the bride's home. They are warmly welcomed. It is there that they share juices and foods and meet and greet each other. This mainly happens in the baraat. The nikah is the purely Islamic ritual, it is attended by only close members, men and women are seated separately. The nikah nama contains certain terms and conditions which are written and agreed upon by both the parties. The next ceremony is the ruksati in which the bride fare wells to her family and is taken to her in laws house. The last ceremony is the Valima which is more like a wedding reception. Hence Pakistani weddings are extensive consisting of many rituals and customs, thus they are colorful and amusing for all.
Short essay on Pakistan as a Welfare State
A welfare state is determined by the type of government, if the government provides services for the welfare or well-being of its citizens entirely then it is known as a welfare state. Such a government is a part of the lives of its people at every extent. It caters to the physical, material and social needs rather than the people catering to their own needs.
The main objective of a welfare state is to essentially create social and economic equality and to ensure fair standards of living, fair access to justice, freedom of faith and speech and complete transparency in decision making of officials and executives.
The services that the welfare state provides includes education, housing, sustenance, health services, unemployment insurance, days off for sickness or injuries, additional income in special circumstances and equivalent wages through price and wage controls. Other services that a welfare state provides include public transportation, child care, social public goods like public parks and libraries, and other such goods and services. Some of the services provided could be funded by government insurance programs or taxes collected by the government.
Hence it could be said that the final purpose of a welfare state is the well-being of citizens. This term actually came up in the 20th century. For the scholars of today's world or the 21st century it is more of a common used word. Almost all countries identify themselves as a welfare state but the actual level of welfare services provided varies from country to country. There are countries where the institutional concept of welfare is practiced and countries where the residual concept of welfare is practiced. With regard to Pakistan, it is a little different; it shows attributes of a pluralist welfare state. The Islamic welfare state has been proposed to be practiced by many past leaders that have come and many that are about to come, however there is still 30 percent of the population that lives under the poverty line and little is shown to be done by these leaders to come through on their promise.
Imran Khan (Candidate in the Presidential elections of Pakistan) has promised to make Pakistan into a welfare state according to newspaper headlines and the current president's Benazir Income support Program is supposed to aid Pakistan in becoming a welfare state. According to many Pakistan can be made a welfare state if it acts according to the objectives resolution - this is another newspaper article, citizens of Pakistan and readers are given hopes of Pakistan being a welfare state every day. Since 1947 the governments of Pakistan one after the other has been known to be trying to make Pakistan a welfare state, more specifically an Islamic Welfare state.
To make this so called dream come true the leaders have tried to implement a few methods to achieve this, like the democracy of the 1960s, the nationalization of industries in the 1970s and the Zakat and other Islamization practices in the 1980s. In the 1990s under the rule of Nawaz Sharif there were some concrete steps taken like the creation of Pakistan's Bait ul Maal - in other words a detailed social welfare program. However these efforts are successful for a temporary period and then their results seem to fade away. More efforts are required by the government to improve the standards of living of its citizens; measures should be implemented permanently and should not be a temporary phenomenon.
The main objective of a welfare state is to essentially create social and economic equality and to ensure fair standards of living, fair access to justice, freedom of faith and speech and complete transparency in decision making of officials and executives.
The services that the welfare state provides includes education, housing, sustenance, health services, unemployment insurance, days off for sickness or injuries, additional income in special circumstances and equivalent wages through price and wage controls. Other services that a welfare state provides include public transportation, child care, social public goods like public parks and libraries, and other such goods and services. Some of the services provided could be funded by government insurance programs or taxes collected by the government.
Hence it could be said that the final purpose of a welfare state is the well-being of citizens. This term actually came up in the 20th century. For the scholars of today's world or the 21st century it is more of a common used word. Almost all countries identify themselves as a welfare state but the actual level of welfare services provided varies from country to country. There are countries where the institutional concept of welfare is practiced and countries where the residual concept of welfare is practiced. With regard to Pakistan, it is a little different; it shows attributes of a pluralist welfare state. The Islamic welfare state has been proposed to be practiced by many past leaders that have come and many that are about to come, however there is still 30 percent of the population that lives under the poverty line and little is shown to be done by these leaders to come through on their promise.
Imran Khan (Candidate in the Presidential elections of Pakistan) has promised to make Pakistan into a welfare state according to newspaper headlines and the current president's Benazir Income support Program is supposed to aid Pakistan in becoming a welfare state. According to many Pakistan can be made a welfare state if it acts according to the objectives resolution - this is another newspaper article, citizens of Pakistan and readers are given hopes of Pakistan being a welfare state every day. Since 1947 the governments of Pakistan one after the other has been known to be trying to make Pakistan a welfare state, more specifically an Islamic Welfare state.
To make this so called dream come true the leaders have tried to implement a few methods to achieve this, like the democracy of the 1960s, the nationalization of industries in the 1970s and the Zakat and other Islamization practices in the 1980s. In the 1990s under the rule of Nawaz Sharif there were some concrete steps taken like the creation of Pakistan's Bait ul Maal - in other words a detailed social welfare program. However these efforts are successful for a temporary period and then their results seem to fade away. More efforts are required by the government to improve the standards of living of its citizens; measures should be implemented permanently and should not be a temporary phenomenon.
Short essay on Agriculture in Pakistan
Pakistan's economy largely depends on agriculture. Around 60% of Pakistan's population (mostly residing in the rural areas) is directly or indirectly linked with agriculture. The agriculture sector is the second largest sector of Pakistan and it contributes more than 21 percent to the GDP, more importantly it is the largest employing sector as it absorbs around 45 percent of the country's labor force. This sector is significant in nature not only because of the statistics listed above but also because it is a primary supplier of raw materials to various industries, contributing significantly to exports, and it also proves to be a major market for other products like fertilizers, pesticides, tractors, and other agricultural tools.
With regard to farming in Pakistan there are two main seasons for growing crops and specified crops are grown only in that season. 'Kharif' season is the summer season in which the summer crop are grown and 'Rabi' is the winter season in which winter crops are grown. In Kharif crops, sowing is done in April - June and harvesting happens in October - November. In Rabi crops, sowing is done in October - November and harvesting is done in April - May. Kharif crops include rice, sugarcane, cotton, maize and others, while Rabi crops include wheat, tobacco, rapeseed, barley and mustard.
Irrespective of the fact that the agricultural sector is crucial for the growth of this country, exports, incomes and food security, this sector is facing a continuous decline. Growth in yields per acre has been falling successively for the last three decades. Productivity has been very low and the yield gap continues to rise, hence intensive efforts are required to revive the sector. There needs to be efforts taken by the government and policy makers to help the farmers make investments in new seeds, farming technology, and infrastructure supporting water irrigation. These investments are essential, and if not taken it is uncertain how strong and ready
Pakistan would be to cope with rising problems such as falling water availability and intense climatic changes.
The major issues that farmers face include firstly the soil. Pakistani soil lacks nitrogenous content, therefore in order to increase cultivated crops and yield it needs proper fertilizers and great investments. Soil erosion is a common phenomenon in the country which adds to destroying the soil energy, and there are not many mechanisms or efforts being taken to reduce soil erosion or restore nutrient to the soil. Another issue faced by farmers which hinders growth in this sector involves water wastage by using flood irrigation methods which waste around 50 to 60 percent of the water, hence new irrigation facilities need to be adopted to better use limited water resources. There are many other issues as well like small land holdings, limited credit facilities available, lack of adaptation of new farming technology, recent rain fed floods which have led to the loss of livestock and crops, water logging and salinity and lastly lack of development and infrastructure in rural areas. The agriculture sector is of great importance to the nation and such problems call for a reform of the agricultural policy, in which these issues are tackled and more importantly the abolishment of feudalism so land is allotted to poor farmers, this would increase the crop yield per acre.
This sector has enormous potential for growth and in terms of contribution to the development of the country, yet it requires large investments and attention for its proper enlargement.
With regard to farming in Pakistan there are two main seasons for growing crops and specified crops are grown only in that season. 'Kharif' season is the summer season in which the summer crop are grown and 'Rabi' is the winter season in which winter crops are grown. In Kharif crops, sowing is done in April - June and harvesting happens in October - November. In Rabi crops, sowing is done in October - November and harvesting is done in April - May. Kharif crops include rice, sugarcane, cotton, maize and others, while Rabi crops include wheat, tobacco, rapeseed, barley and mustard.
Irrespective of the fact that the agricultural sector is crucial for the growth of this country, exports, incomes and food security, this sector is facing a continuous decline. Growth in yields per acre has been falling successively for the last three decades. Productivity has been very low and the yield gap continues to rise, hence intensive efforts are required to revive the sector. There needs to be efforts taken by the government and policy makers to help the farmers make investments in new seeds, farming technology, and infrastructure supporting water irrigation. These investments are essential, and if not taken it is uncertain how strong and ready
Pakistan would be to cope with rising problems such as falling water availability and intense climatic changes.
The major issues that farmers face include firstly the soil. Pakistani soil lacks nitrogenous content, therefore in order to increase cultivated crops and yield it needs proper fertilizers and great investments. Soil erosion is a common phenomenon in the country which adds to destroying the soil energy, and there are not many mechanisms or efforts being taken to reduce soil erosion or restore nutrient to the soil. Another issue faced by farmers which hinders growth in this sector involves water wastage by using flood irrigation methods which waste around 50 to 60 percent of the water, hence new irrigation facilities need to be adopted to better use limited water resources. There are many other issues as well like small land holdings, limited credit facilities available, lack of adaptation of new farming technology, recent rain fed floods which have led to the loss of livestock and crops, water logging and salinity and lastly lack of development and infrastructure in rural areas. The agriculture sector is of great importance to the nation and such problems call for a reform of the agricultural policy, in which these issues are tackled and more importantly the abolishment of feudalism so land is allotted to poor farmers, this would increase the crop yield per acre.
This sector has enormous potential for growth and in terms of contribution to the development of the country, yet it requires large investments and attention for its proper enlargement.
Short essay on Floods in Pakistan
The problem of floods in Pakistan is not new as it dates back to the year of independence 1947 when the first major flood hit Pakistan. Since then eight more floods of even greater magnitude in 1954, 1970, 1988, 1992, 2001, 2005, 2007, and 2010 have caused heaps of destruction in the country taking the lives of millions of people and leaving billions of them homeless. However the latest flood in 2010 was the most devastating which damaged the infrastructure and economy of the country.
The main reason for the 2011 floods was the heavy monsoon rainfall in all four provinces of the country. The severity of the flood could be determined by the fact that one-fifth of Pakistan's total land area was underwater. The floods took the lives of more than 2000 people and had a direct impact on the lives of 20 million other people by wiping out their property, livelihood and infrastructure.
With the country already facing power shortages, the floods added to the misery as 10000 transmission lines and transformers were crushed resulting in an approximate power shortage of 3.135 Gigawatts. The floods also had an adverse impact on the health of the population in the flood affected areas spreading diseases like gastroenteritis, diarrhea and various other skin diseases. In view of the disastrous floods, the President of Pakistan Mr. Asif Ali Zardari ordered that there would be no grand celebrations on the 14th of August.
While the social impact of the floods was tremendous, the economic impact of it on the country was no less. According to the International Labour Organization about 5.3 million people lost their jobs as an aftermath of the flood. The floods affected many agricultural farms in the country destroying crops which further had a negative impact on other related industries like the Textile manufacturing industry which already was under severe financial and economic troubles. The growth rate of the country was expected to fall from the expected 4% to -2%.
It is in times of calamity that a country realizes who their real friends from across the border are. The relief aid was substantial from foreign countries. The worldwide donations were approximately $687 million and $324 million were guaranteed in uncommitted assurances. The spirit of the locals of the country was astounding as each individual stepped forward to help his fellow citizens in times of need. Contributions by people were collected by Eidhi, Imran Khan and various NGOs. The floods received extensive media coverage due to which many of the celebrities also got forward to help collect funds for the flood relief. Various programs were aired on channels like Geo, ARY, etc in which celebrities from the showbiz and sports appealed for contributions.
Although the floods in Pakistan bought high volumes of devastation for the country it also lightened up a spirit of patriotism and humanity in the people. While terrorism and crime rate were at the peak and people were scared to get out of their homes, this disastrous situation allowed them to forget all their fears and come forward to help the country in times of desperate need.
The main reason for the 2011 floods was the heavy monsoon rainfall in all four provinces of the country. The severity of the flood could be determined by the fact that one-fifth of Pakistan's total land area was underwater. The floods took the lives of more than 2000 people and had a direct impact on the lives of 20 million other people by wiping out their property, livelihood and infrastructure.
With the country already facing power shortages, the floods added to the misery as 10000 transmission lines and transformers were crushed resulting in an approximate power shortage of 3.135 Gigawatts. The floods also had an adverse impact on the health of the population in the flood affected areas spreading diseases like gastroenteritis, diarrhea and various other skin diseases. In view of the disastrous floods, the President of Pakistan Mr. Asif Ali Zardari ordered that there would be no grand celebrations on the 14th of August.
While the social impact of the floods was tremendous, the economic impact of it on the country was no less. According to the International Labour Organization about 5.3 million people lost their jobs as an aftermath of the flood. The floods affected many agricultural farms in the country destroying crops which further had a negative impact on other related industries like the Textile manufacturing industry which already was under severe financial and economic troubles. The growth rate of the country was expected to fall from the expected 4% to -2%.
It is in times of calamity that a country realizes who their real friends from across the border are. The relief aid was substantial from foreign countries. The worldwide donations were approximately $687 million and $324 million were guaranteed in uncommitted assurances. The spirit of the locals of the country was astounding as each individual stepped forward to help his fellow citizens in times of need. Contributions by people were collected by Eidhi, Imran Khan and various NGOs. The floods received extensive media coverage due to which many of the celebrities also got forward to help collect funds for the flood relief. Various programs were aired on channels like Geo, ARY, etc in which celebrities from the showbiz and sports appealed for contributions.
Although the floods in Pakistan bought high volumes of devastation for the country it also lightened up a spirit of patriotism and humanity in the people. While terrorism and crime rate were at the peak and people were scared to get out of their homes, this disastrous situation allowed them to forget all their fears and come forward to help the country in times of desperate need.
Short essay on the Lahore Fort
In Lahore there are many beautiful structures and monuments, but more specifically there are two works of arts from the Mughal architecture that do not go unnoticed by anyone entering Lahore from Rawalpindi on the Grand Trunk Road, these are the Badshahi Mosque and the Shahi Qilla, also known as the Royal Fort.
The fort was originally built in 1544 AD by the Mughal Ruler Akbar the great and it was built on the ruins of an ancient mud fort which already existed since 1021 A.D. The fort is situated in the North West corner of the city, beside the Walled city and is rectangular in shape, it has 13 gates which were also built by Akbar, and the main gates are located along the middle of the eastern and western walls. In the heart of the city there is the beautiful Lahore fort, a secured palace complex. The architecture of the structure is magnificent and it is a palace right out of a fairytale. The entrance is remarkable with twin domes which lead further to extensively decked courtyards and pavilions with water features, some with wall decorations of inlaid precious stones and painted designs, some of this eye catching decorations still exist even today. These courtyards are so huge in size that it allows many elephants carrying people from the royal family to enter simultaneously together, in fact there are a flight of stone stairs constructed especially for the elephants' parades.
The fort today is not like as it was when it was first built in 1566. This is because that every Mughal emperor that came along besides the Sikhs and the British colonizers further built a pavilion or a palace of wall to the fort. Jahangir, Shah Jehan and later Aurangzeb created their own changes by further constructing hugely secure walls to the structure. Akbar especially got the Hall of Commoners also known as the Diwan - e- Aam constructed in the traditional Iranian style, it is built in all red sandstone which was imported from Rajistan, Shah Jehan was responsible for the construction of Diwan-e-Khas, from there you could see river Ravi, in the year of 1631 when Shah Jehan started the construction of Taj Mahal, he also constructed the Moti Masjid or the pearl Mosque and even his own bedroom. The Mughal emperor Jehangir he made extensions to the gardens and built the castle in the Jehangir's Quadrangle.
The infamous palace of Mirrors also known as the Sheesh Mahal is situated in the North East area of the Fort, it the most gorgeous palace in the fort and is made beautiful by small mirrors of different colour sets. This place was made by Shah Jehan in 1631. It is a deluxe palace to stay in during summer months with rest rooms that are like a long hall at its either end, and which open to a veranda which is eye catching and the view is of a marble paved quadrangle with a water fountain in the center.
The fort displays the exquisite life style of the Mughal emperors and is proof of Lahore's beautiful history, it is a tourist attraction and one sight that no one would regret seeing.
The fort was originally built in 1544 AD by the Mughal Ruler Akbar the great and it was built on the ruins of an ancient mud fort which already existed since 1021 A.D. The fort is situated in the North West corner of the city, beside the Walled city and is rectangular in shape, it has 13 gates which were also built by Akbar, and the main gates are located along the middle of the eastern and western walls. In the heart of the city there is the beautiful Lahore fort, a secured palace complex. The architecture of the structure is magnificent and it is a palace right out of a fairytale. The entrance is remarkable with twin domes which lead further to extensively decked courtyards and pavilions with water features, some with wall decorations of inlaid precious stones and painted designs, some of this eye catching decorations still exist even today. These courtyards are so huge in size that it allows many elephants carrying people from the royal family to enter simultaneously together, in fact there are a flight of stone stairs constructed especially for the elephants' parades.
The fort today is not like as it was when it was first built in 1566. This is because that every Mughal emperor that came along besides the Sikhs and the British colonizers further built a pavilion or a palace of wall to the fort. Jahangir, Shah Jehan and later Aurangzeb created their own changes by further constructing hugely secure walls to the structure. Akbar especially got the Hall of Commoners also known as the Diwan - e- Aam constructed in the traditional Iranian style, it is built in all red sandstone which was imported from Rajistan, Shah Jehan was responsible for the construction of Diwan-e-Khas, from there you could see river Ravi, in the year of 1631 when Shah Jehan started the construction of Taj Mahal, he also constructed the Moti Masjid or the pearl Mosque and even his own bedroom. The Mughal emperor Jehangir he made extensions to the gardens and built the castle in the Jehangir's Quadrangle.
The infamous palace of Mirrors also known as the Sheesh Mahal is situated in the North East area of the Fort, it the most gorgeous palace in the fort and is made beautiful by small mirrors of different colour sets. This place was made by Shah Jehan in 1631. It is a deluxe palace to stay in during summer months with rest rooms that are like a long hall at its either end, and which open to a veranda which is eye catching and the view is of a marble paved quadrangle with a water fountain in the center.
The fort displays the exquisite life style of the Mughal emperors and is proof of Lahore's beautiful history, it is a tourist attraction and one sight that no one would regret seeing.
Essay on Load shedding in Pakistan (Rolling Blackout)
While countries in the west move towards enlightenment, Pakistan is moving towards darkness. The country suffering at the hands of corrupt politicians and terrorism has much graver problems and one of them is load shedding. It is the 21st century and there is no electricity in Pakistan! People are crying their hearts out in front of the government to provide them with the basic necessity of electricity but the government seems to have no clue about how to solve this problem.
Energy shortage is the result of the power demand and supply gap. So what causes this gap to exist is the main question. There are various reasons because of which Pakistan could not create more electricity which include the rising fuel prices, rising burden of circular debts, lack of availability of inexpensive fuel, no new power projects being started, poor electricity production and distribution methods, power theft and nonpayment of electricity bills.
The issue of circular debts is not something new when it comes to energy crisis. When the circular debts reach their peak the government intercepts by increasing the subsidy given to the power companies. However this does not provide a permanent solution to the problem because the subsidies given are not sufficient to pull the power supply companies out of difficulty. At present only Rs3/kilowatt subsidy is given where as 20-30% of electricity is being stolen and the electricity bills of government offices remain due for months. This burden is then passed on to the end consumers in terms of higher prices or excessive amounts of load shedding.
The problem of energy theft is something which needs to be addressed at the governmental level. It signifies the inefficient law and order situation of the country as the government knowing who the thieves are still does nothing to catch them. If the government takes strict action against those who steal electricity then half the problem of power shortages would be solved. There are various suggestions from across the broad to make power theft a non bailable offence; however nothing has been done in regard to such suggestions.
Rising fuel costs in the production of electricity are also a major source of concern. Natural gas and imported oil are the two major components of power production. While imported oil was always expensive for power producers, the shortage of natural gas has added further to their miseries. Natural gas always seemed to be in abundance in the country however in recent times the country has surprisingly faced natural gas shortages too. So the only way out for Pakistan is to find other sources of energy generation. Coal in the country is in abundance but the lack of expertise in the country does not allow it to be used in the right direction.
As Pakistan faces several problems, the problem of load shedding too should be given top priority by the government officials. It's time the politicians start acting in order to solve the general problems of the people of Pakistan rather than fighting for getting into power and doing nothing
Energy shortage is the result of the power demand and supply gap. So what causes this gap to exist is the main question. There are various reasons because of which Pakistan could not create more electricity which include the rising fuel prices, rising burden of circular debts, lack of availability of inexpensive fuel, no new power projects being started, poor electricity production and distribution methods, power theft and nonpayment of electricity bills.
The issue of circular debts is not something new when it comes to energy crisis. When the circular debts reach their peak the government intercepts by increasing the subsidy given to the power companies. However this does not provide a permanent solution to the problem because the subsidies given are not sufficient to pull the power supply companies out of difficulty. At present only Rs3/kilowatt subsidy is given where as 20-30% of electricity is being stolen and the electricity bills of government offices remain due for months. This burden is then passed on to the end consumers in terms of higher prices or excessive amounts of load shedding.
The problem of energy theft is something which needs to be addressed at the governmental level. It signifies the inefficient law and order situation of the country as the government knowing who the thieves are still does nothing to catch them. If the government takes strict action against those who steal electricity then half the problem of power shortages would be solved. There are various suggestions from across the broad to make power theft a non bailable offence; however nothing has been done in regard to such suggestions.
Rising fuel costs in the production of electricity are also a major source of concern. Natural gas and imported oil are the two major components of power production. While imported oil was always expensive for power producers, the shortage of natural gas has added further to their miseries. Natural gas always seemed to be in abundance in the country however in recent times the country has surprisingly faced natural gas shortages too. So the only way out for Pakistan is to find other sources of energy generation. Coal in the country is in abundance but the lack of expertise in the country does not allow it to be used in the right direction.
As Pakistan faces several problems, the problem of load shedding too should be given top priority by the government officials. It's time the politicians start acting in order to solve the general problems of the people of Pakistan rather than fighting for getting into power and doing nothing
Essay on cricket Match fixing in Pakistan
Match fixing has been a curse to the game of cricket since the time the game was invented. Pakistan is one of those countries, which has been accused of match fixing more than any other country has ever been accused of.
The first major accusation came under the Justice Qayum report according to which various Pakistani cricketing stars were involved in fixing matches, these included Wasim Akram, Waqaq Younis, Inzimam-ul-Haq, Mushtaq Ahmed and various others. The Justice Qayum report offered various penalties for the accused but his recommendations for penalizing the cricketers for their gruesome act were totally shunned.
The biggest and the most controversial match fixing case that Pakistan cricket ever suffered from was the spot fixing controversy of 2010 in which three famous cricketer were allegedly involved in fixing no balls at certain periods of the game. It was the summer of 2010 when Pakistan cricket team toured England. The historic and the king of all cricket grounds Lords was the place where the most shameful incident ever recorded in the history of the game took place. It was the 4th day of the test match between Pakistan and England that news of spot fixing broke on the media. A sting operation carried out by Mazhar Mehmood of England's News of the World magazine revealed the mischief done by the Pakistani cricketers. The star trio of Pakistan cricket team including the test captain Salman Butt, the experienced master of swing Muhammad Asif and the new bowling sensation of the world Mohammad Amir were caught being involved in spot fixing.
There was uproar in the international arena after this incident as people started questioning the authenticity of the game. The players took money from Mazhar Majeed for bowling preplanned no balls at certain time periods of the game. There were hidden camera videos aired on television recording this cruel act of fixing. The players alleged for being involved in spot fixing were handed punishing bans by the International Cricket Council. The captain Salman Butt was handed a ban of 10 years, Muhammad Asif a ban of 7 years while the youngster for being naive was handed only a 5 year ban from the game of cricket.
Their punishment for this totally unacceptable act did not finish just here. They faced criminal prosecution after the Crown Court determined there was evidence available for the players to be trialed. After several months Mohammad Amir accepted his crime while Mohammad Asif and Salman Butt chose to defend themselves in court. However after the trial was complete they were proved to be guilty. This day marked the darkest day for Pakistan's cricket as the three Pakistani players were sentenced to imprisonment for varying periods. Mohammad Amir for accepting his crime was awarded a lesser punishment which was 6 months in a young offender's jail while Mohammad Asif was sentenced for a year's imprisonment. Salman Butt was handed the cruelest punishment of 30 months of imprisonment as he was leading the clan.
With the disgrace events such as match fixing and spot fixing have bought to Pakistan, the cricketing board needs to get strict and teach its players discipline at the grass root level so they do not head towards earning money the wrong way and play the game fairly as it ought to be played.
The first major accusation came under the Justice Qayum report according to which various Pakistani cricketing stars were involved in fixing matches, these included Wasim Akram, Waqaq Younis, Inzimam-ul-Haq, Mushtaq Ahmed and various others. The Justice Qayum report offered various penalties for the accused but his recommendations for penalizing the cricketers for their gruesome act were totally shunned.
The biggest and the most controversial match fixing case that Pakistan cricket ever suffered from was the spot fixing controversy of 2010 in which three famous cricketer were allegedly involved in fixing no balls at certain periods of the game. It was the summer of 2010 when Pakistan cricket team toured England. The historic and the king of all cricket grounds Lords was the place where the most shameful incident ever recorded in the history of the game took place. It was the 4th day of the test match between Pakistan and England that news of spot fixing broke on the media. A sting operation carried out by Mazhar Mehmood of England's News of the World magazine revealed the mischief done by the Pakistani cricketers. The star trio of Pakistan cricket team including the test captain Salman Butt, the experienced master of swing Muhammad Asif and the new bowling sensation of the world Mohammad Amir were caught being involved in spot fixing.
There was uproar in the international arena after this incident as people started questioning the authenticity of the game. The players took money from Mazhar Majeed for bowling preplanned no balls at certain time periods of the game. There were hidden camera videos aired on television recording this cruel act of fixing. The players alleged for being involved in spot fixing were handed punishing bans by the International Cricket Council. The captain Salman Butt was handed a ban of 10 years, Muhammad Asif a ban of 7 years while the youngster for being naive was handed only a 5 year ban from the game of cricket.
Their punishment for this totally unacceptable act did not finish just here. They faced criminal prosecution after the Crown Court determined there was evidence available for the players to be trialed. After several months Mohammad Amir accepted his crime while Mohammad Asif and Salman Butt chose to defend themselves in court. However after the trial was complete they were proved to be guilty. This day marked the darkest day for Pakistan's cricket as the three Pakistani players were sentenced to imprisonment for varying periods. Mohammad Amir for accepting his crime was awarded a lesser punishment which was 6 months in a young offender's jail while Mohammad Asif was sentenced for a year's imprisonment. Salman Butt was handed the cruelest punishment of 30 months of imprisonment as he was leading the clan.
With the disgrace events such as match fixing and spot fixing have bought to Pakistan, the cricketing board needs to get strict and teach its players discipline at the grass root level so they do not head towards earning money the wrong way and play the game fairly as it ought to be played.
Short essay on Corruption in Pakistan
Pakistan came into existence after the partition of India in 1947 and since then it has not been able to transform itself into a growing State as it would have been expected after 64 years of independence. The major underlying cause of such a disappointing situation for the country is that there is corruption in almost every sector of the country.
According to the most recent perception report from Transparency International Pakistan published at the end of 2011, corruption in Land Administration leads the long list of corrupt affairs followed by police, income tax, judiciary, tendering and contracting, customs, plus state corporations and the least corrupt sector is perceived to be the army.
The problem of corruption in Land Administration is predictably leading the list of the perceived evil of corruption. The politicians do not pay enough heat to this issue and refrain from carrying out the task of managing collections and preservation. This is more of a concern in the tribal areas where Feudal Lords backed by politicians dominate the land affairs. The police supposedly have a common ill in the underdeveloped world. There is inappropriate selection of the policemen without any emphasis given on keeping education as a pre requisite for entry into the sector.
However most recently the country has kept a minimal level of education as a necessary requirement for being recruited in the police but corruption in the sector does not allow for such conditions to be practically implemented. The number of police officials in the country is highly disproportionate to the ever growing population of Pakistan. Although the training provided to them is presumably the same as the army, there are hardly any traces of these training techniques being useful in this particular sector.
The ills of the tax administration have resulted in poor tax revenues for the country in the past years. There is no doubt that Pakistan is ranked amongst the lowest tax revenue generating economies in the world. Nevertheless in recent times statistics have shown an improvement due to which the tax sector is no more considered to be the most corrupt sector of the country. The only way of eradicating problems from this sector is to reduce the direct contact between the taxpayer and tax collector as most of the rich population in the country does not pay income tax. They bribe the tax officials and their names on the tax collection lists automatically become invisible.
Corruption is widespread in the country and it is vital to understand its root cause. There is no attention paid or effort put by the government to lessen or eradicate corruption in the country. The politicians themselves are corrupt and are only willing to fill their pockets rather than to solve the various problems Pakistan faces. The Anti Corruption unit is also believed by many as one of the most corrupt units in the country. As long as there is no proper check and control on corruption it will continue to take place at every level whether household or governmental. Pakistan should try to deal with the issue of corruption or else a time would come when it would be labeled as a "Failed State".
According to the most recent perception report from Transparency International Pakistan published at the end of 2011, corruption in Land Administration leads the long list of corrupt affairs followed by police, income tax, judiciary, tendering and contracting, customs, plus state corporations and the least corrupt sector is perceived to be the army.
The problem of corruption in Land Administration is predictably leading the list of the perceived evil of corruption. The politicians do not pay enough heat to this issue and refrain from carrying out the task of managing collections and preservation. This is more of a concern in the tribal areas where Feudal Lords backed by politicians dominate the land affairs. The police supposedly have a common ill in the underdeveloped world. There is inappropriate selection of the policemen without any emphasis given on keeping education as a pre requisite for entry into the sector.
However most recently the country has kept a minimal level of education as a necessary requirement for being recruited in the police but corruption in the sector does not allow for such conditions to be practically implemented. The number of police officials in the country is highly disproportionate to the ever growing population of Pakistan. Although the training provided to them is presumably the same as the army, there are hardly any traces of these training techniques being useful in this particular sector.
The ills of the tax administration have resulted in poor tax revenues for the country in the past years. There is no doubt that Pakistan is ranked amongst the lowest tax revenue generating economies in the world. Nevertheless in recent times statistics have shown an improvement due to which the tax sector is no more considered to be the most corrupt sector of the country. The only way of eradicating problems from this sector is to reduce the direct contact between the taxpayer and tax collector as most of the rich population in the country does not pay income tax. They bribe the tax officials and their names on the tax collection lists automatically become invisible.
Corruption is widespread in the country and it is vital to understand its root cause. There is no attention paid or effort put by the government to lessen or eradicate corruption in the country. The politicians themselves are corrupt and are only willing to fill their pockets rather than to solve the various problems Pakistan faces. The Anti Corruption unit is also believed by many as one of the most corrupt units in the country. As long as there is no proper check and control on corruption it will continue to take place at every level whether household or governmental. Pakistan should try to deal with the issue of corruption or else a time would come when it would be labeled as a "Failed State".
Short essay on Position of Women in Pakistan
Women in Pakistan were initially thought to play the traditional role of being housewives. However with changing times, the Pakistani society has also evolved. Women have a much significant role to play in the society rather than serving their husbands at home.
During this time of economic crisis when men are suffering from unemployment and lower wages, households require all members of the family to work and add to the family income. So the wives have to go out and work so that they could earn enough to give their families a sufficient standard of living.
Women belonging to the lower income group and rural class have since independence played the role of family earners. They have served in households by rendering their services such as that of cooks, servants, cleaners, etc. While the lower class women worked all day to earn two meals per day for their families, women of the middle class were supposed to stay at home and take care of the people living in their homes. However when the world entered the 21st century the position of women in the country transpired. More women were allowed to acquire higher education and then work in the corporate world to earn for themselves and their families.
Women in Pakistan now form a relatively greater part of Pakistan's working population and their contribution to the country's economy has ever since been increasing. However men still dominate all the higher posts in private and public offices, the trend is now changing as women are being encouraged by being awarded with promotions for their high quality of work. The mindset of the people in the rural class is also changing, there is greater awareness regarding the importance of education for both boys and girls and there has been an increase in the enrollment of lower income class girls in primary and secondary schools. Almost all of the women belonging to the middle class families have now started acquiring higher education. The trend of getting girls married as soon as they enter their 20s is slowly diminishing because today's men only want to marry women who have acquired a substantial level of education.
Women in Pakistan also have a major role to play as housewives and mothers. They are the ones responsible for the upbringing of their children. Since women have now become educated they can teach their children the values and etiquettes of life. Not only that, women could now teach their own children at home after they come back from school. Previously families had to spend excessive amounts of their income to send their children for tuitions because the mothers were not educated enough to guide their children academically but now with most mothers being educated they could sit with their children and help them with their homework.
Although there is greater acceptability for women in Pakistan's society, they are still victims of discrimination. The gender stereotypes which have existed in the society for years still continue to be a barrier for women's progress in the country.
During this time of economic crisis when men are suffering from unemployment and lower wages, households require all members of the family to work and add to the family income. So the wives have to go out and work so that they could earn enough to give their families a sufficient standard of living.
Women belonging to the lower income group and rural class have since independence played the role of family earners. They have served in households by rendering their services such as that of cooks, servants, cleaners, etc. While the lower class women worked all day to earn two meals per day for their families, women of the middle class were supposed to stay at home and take care of the people living in their homes. However when the world entered the 21st century the position of women in the country transpired. More women were allowed to acquire higher education and then work in the corporate world to earn for themselves and their families.
Women in Pakistan now form a relatively greater part of Pakistan's working population and their contribution to the country's economy has ever since been increasing. However men still dominate all the higher posts in private and public offices, the trend is now changing as women are being encouraged by being awarded with promotions for their high quality of work. The mindset of the people in the rural class is also changing, there is greater awareness regarding the importance of education for both boys and girls and there has been an increase in the enrollment of lower income class girls in primary and secondary schools. Almost all of the women belonging to the middle class families have now started acquiring higher education. The trend of getting girls married as soon as they enter their 20s is slowly diminishing because today's men only want to marry women who have acquired a substantial level of education.
Women in Pakistan also have a major role to play as housewives and mothers. They are the ones responsible for the upbringing of their children. Since women have now become educated they can teach their children the values and etiquettes of life. Not only that, women could now teach their own children at home after they come back from school. Previously families had to spend excessive amounts of their income to send their children for tuitions because the mothers were not educated enough to guide their children academically but now with most mothers being educated they could sit with their children and help them with their homework.
Although there is greater acceptability for women in Pakistan's society, they are still victims of discrimination. The gender stereotypes which have existed in the society for years still continue to be a barrier for women's progress in the country.
Short essay on the Foreign Policy of Pakistan
Pakistan in terms of population statistics is the second largest Muslim Country after Indonesia; it is also the only Muslim country with the status of being a nuclear power and hence plays an important part in International Politics. Pakistan has a direct, independent foreign policy specifically when it comes to developing nuclear weapons, military purchases from foreign countries and other issues which are important to its national interests. Pakistan has a great advantage of having a strategic geo-political location in the center of the world's major maritime oil supply lines, and is located near the oil rich central Asian states. Pakistan is also an essential member of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation and a vital non NATO ally in the War against terrorism. The state also has a highly orderly military; in fact it is the world's eighth largest military force.
In history Pakistan has had difficult relations with India, specifically because of the central issue of Kashmir; it has even fought two wars because of this reason. Conversely it has had strong allied relationships with its other neighboring countries like Afghanistan, Iran and China; it has also had solid security and economic interests in the Persian Gulf and long stretching two-sided relations with US and other Western states.
Because of the suspicion of Soviet expansion, Pakistan has had strong relations with both United States of America and China during most of the Cold-War. Even today they are close friends of the nation. Coming to the Foreign policy of Pakistan well it is centered on the peace and security objectives at regional and global levels; its main purpose is socio-economic progress of the state. In affirmation with the UN charter and international duties Pakistan seeks alliance and tries to cooperate in its foreign relations on the grounds of sovereignty, respect and benefit, noninterference and peaceable settling of conflicts.
Pakistan's foreign policy is guided by its colorful history, its strategic location and the aims of its people. It has a proactive foreign policy, due to the challenges it faces, even though there is little continuity, change at times is also given importance. The policy at times is reactive to international happenings. The main objectives on the foreign policy include development of good relations with Muslim states, superpowers and neighbors as well, to protect the security and strategic interests of the nation, to aid the resolution of the key conflict of Jammu and Kashmir according to the needs of the Kashmiri people and the UN resolution, to promote a progressive, democratic image of Pakistan and finally to promote the state's economic and commercial interests.
Historically the country has had friendly relations with all Arab and Muslim countries under the OIC organization. Other than Muslim and Arab countries China and US area also allies of Pakistan. Coming to its Rivals, Pakistan has fought 3 wars with India, while Pakistan an Israel have no diplomatic relations. The continuing conflict of Kashmir is what creates diversity of opinion and makes alliance very difficult in both these rival states.
In history Pakistan has had difficult relations with India, specifically because of the central issue of Kashmir; it has even fought two wars because of this reason. Conversely it has had strong allied relationships with its other neighboring countries like Afghanistan, Iran and China; it has also had solid security and economic interests in the Persian Gulf and long stretching two-sided relations with US and other Western states.
Because of the suspicion of Soviet expansion, Pakistan has had strong relations with both United States of America and China during most of the Cold-War. Even today they are close friends of the nation. Coming to the Foreign policy of Pakistan well it is centered on the peace and security objectives at regional and global levels; its main purpose is socio-economic progress of the state. In affirmation with the UN charter and international duties Pakistan seeks alliance and tries to cooperate in its foreign relations on the grounds of sovereignty, respect and benefit, noninterference and peaceable settling of conflicts.
Pakistan's foreign policy is guided by its colorful history, its strategic location and the aims of its people. It has a proactive foreign policy, due to the challenges it faces, even though there is little continuity, change at times is also given importance. The policy at times is reactive to international happenings. The main objectives on the foreign policy include development of good relations with Muslim states, superpowers and neighbors as well, to protect the security and strategic interests of the nation, to aid the resolution of the key conflict of Jammu and Kashmir according to the needs of the Kashmiri people and the UN resolution, to promote a progressive, democratic image of Pakistan and finally to promote the state's economic and commercial interests.
Historically the country has had friendly relations with all Arab and Muslim countries under the OIC organization. Other than Muslim and Arab countries China and US area also allies of Pakistan. Coming to its Rivals, Pakistan has fought 3 wars with India, while Pakistan an Israel have no diplomatic relations. The continuing conflict of Kashmir is what creates diversity of opinion and makes alliance very difficult in both these rival states.
Democracy in Pakistan has been a topic of debate for several years and yet there is little consensus on whether democracy or dictatorship is in the best interest of Pakistan. The question is how is democracy defined and whether Pakistan was ever a democratic State? This needs to be determined before arguing on which type of political system would be better for the country.
First and foremost the pre-requisite of democracy is free and fair elections but little evidence is found to support the argument that the electoral process in Pakistan is fair. Votes could be bought by political parties for as cheap as Rs 10. Another practice which is common in the elections is of rigging and it does not allow the votes to be casted in a proper manner. In Pakistan a major crux of the population and the political parties and leaders support a democratic system of government. Any attempts to harm democracy in the country are treated with strong resentment from both the ruling party and the opposition. Despite all these facts it is believed that in Pakistan a democracy could never survive for long due to the incompetent people in the helm of affairs in the so called democratic system. When these democrats fail to run the affairs of the country, the military decides to take over and this has pretty much been the case since 1947. Various examples of military rulers in the country include Ayub Khan, Zia-ul-Haq and Pervez Musharaff.
There are various problems associated with Pakistan's democracy which does not allow it to be a successful form of government like it has been in the neighboring country India. A major reason for the failure of democracy is the amount of institutional imbalance in the country. Since independence the military and intelligence agencies were organized and developed while the democratic and political institutions were weak and vulnerable. This imbalance has always fortified bureaucracy and dictatorial governance. Secondly there has always been problem with Pakistani politicians in reaching a consensus on various policy issues. When policy matters are continuously debated in the parliament, it does not allow a democratic government to settle down and acts as a barrier for it to flourish.
Moreover, the type of leaders and political parties also determines how successful a democracy would be. For years the same political parties have stayed in power with the same bunch of supporters. They follow their old policies and do not realize the fact that there policies should evolve and change with time. For example the Pakistan Peoples Party founded by Mr Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto came into power a number of times and despite its failures it was elected again. The reason for this is that the supporters continue supporting the party because of their affection for the founder of the party and they do not care about the fact whether the current leader is competent or not.
There is no doubt that democracy is a generally acceptable way of going about the affairs of a country, however it is essential that the democracy fulfills the requirements of a true democracy which ensures complete freedom for people and fair elections. When competent people will be ruling the country then everyone including the military would be satisfied by the democratic rule.
First and foremost the pre-requisite of democracy is free and fair elections but little evidence is found to support the argument that the electoral process in Pakistan is fair. Votes could be bought by political parties for as cheap as Rs 10. Another practice which is common in the elections is of rigging and it does not allow the votes to be casted in a proper manner. In Pakistan a major crux of the population and the political parties and leaders support a democratic system of government. Any attempts to harm democracy in the country are treated with strong resentment from both the ruling party and the opposition. Despite all these facts it is believed that in Pakistan a democracy could never survive for long due to the incompetent people in the helm of affairs in the so called democratic system. When these democrats fail to run the affairs of the country, the military decides to take over and this has pretty much been the case since 1947. Various examples of military rulers in the country include Ayub Khan, Zia-ul-Haq and Pervez Musharaff.
There are various problems associated with Pakistan's democracy which does not allow it to be a successful form of government like it has been in the neighboring country India. A major reason for the failure of democracy is the amount of institutional imbalance in the country. Since independence the military and intelligence agencies were organized and developed while the democratic and political institutions were weak and vulnerable. This imbalance has always fortified bureaucracy and dictatorial governance. Secondly there has always been problem with Pakistani politicians in reaching a consensus on various policy issues. When policy matters are continuously debated in the parliament, it does not allow a democratic government to settle down and acts as a barrier for it to flourish.
Moreover, the type of leaders and political parties also determines how successful a democracy would be. For years the same political parties have stayed in power with the same bunch of supporters. They follow their old policies and do not realize the fact that there policies should evolve and change with time. For example the Pakistan Peoples Party founded by Mr Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto came into power a number of times and despite its failures it was elected again. The reason for this is that the supporters continue supporting the party because of their affection for the founder of the party and they do not care about the fact whether the current leader is competent or not.
There is no doubt that democracy is a generally acceptable way of going about the affairs of a country, however it is essential that the democracy fulfills the requirements of a true democracy which ensures complete freedom for people and fair elections. When competent people will be ruling the country then everyone including the military would be satisfied by the democratic rule.
English importance in Pakisatn short eassy
As time is passing, the language of the English men and Americans seems to grow in significance. English is becoming the most common form of communication in the world and most of the countries in the world have their academic curriculum being taught in English. It is time for Pakistan to also make a shift from the Urdu medium system of education to the English system because it's the need of the hour.
Since independence, Urdu was promoted to become the language to be used in all factions of the country. However as time passed people started realizing that international standards required them to learn a language which is understood by majority of the world. The people of Pakistan realized that for their country to develop they need to know how to communicate in English or they will be lost in the competing forces of the world.
The British education system was introduced after few years of independence. People started shifting from the local Urdu medium education to the British education system. However the transition took a lot of time as private school sector was very small in the beginning. Only the elite could educate their children with the British education system as it was very expensive. However when the trend of private schools began to emerge, students from a British educational background were preferred for jobs all over the country. The government of Pakistan realized the growing importance of English and then made English as a compulsory language to be taught in all schools.
English continues to be the source of communication in both the private and government offices. In this era of globalization with increasing amounts of international trade one needs to know how to communicate in English. People in Pakistan are in continuous contact with international traders and all of them have to communicate in English. The various business softwares used in organizations such as Multinational Companies and Banks are all in English and one needs to be totally familiar with the language to operate them. There are various critics who believe that English is harmful for the country. They argue that our culture and our traditions require Urdu to be the language for all purposes. They say that by adopting English we are going to forget our culture and lose our identity as English is not what defines us.
The trend of communicating in English has grown to the extent that the elite of the country use English as the medium to communicate with their friends and family in daily life. The younger generation feels inferior if they can not communicate in English properly. Many of the young children have a stronger grip of English than Urdu. Majority of the population in the country now prefers the British education system and public schools are only filled by people of the lower income class who could not afford private education.
No doubt learning English is very important for the people of Pakistan but they should not forget that it is not the language which defines them or their culture. English should be used as a medium of education but the value of the mother language Urdu should not be undermined
Since independence, Urdu was promoted to become the language to be used in all factions of the country. However as time passed people started realizing that international standards required them to learn a language which is understood by majority of the world. The people of Pakistan realized that for their country to develop they need to know how to communicate in English or they will be lost in the competing forces of the world.
The British education system was introduced after few years of independence. People started shifting from the local Urdu medium education to the British education system. However the transition took a lot of time as private school sector was very small in the beginning. Only the elite could educate their children with the British education system as it was very expensive. However when the trend of private schools began to emerge, students from a British educational background were preferred for jobs all over the country. The government of Pakistan realized the growing importance of English and then made English as a compulsory language to be taught in all schools.
English continues to be the source of communication in both the private and government offices. In this era of globalization with increasing amounts of international trade one needs to know how to communicate in English. People in Pakistan are in continuous contact with international traders and all of them have to communicate in English. The various business softwares used in organizations such as Multinational Companies and Banks are all in English and one needs to be totally familiar with the language to operate them. There are various critics who believe that English is harmful for the country. They argue that our culture and our traditions require Urdu to be the language for all purposes. They say that by adopting English we are going to forget our culture and lose our identity as English is not what defines us.
The trend of communicating in English has grown to the extent that the elite of the country use English as the medium to communicate with their friends and family in daily life. The younger generation feels inferior if they can not communicate in English properly. Many of the young children have a stronger grip of English than Urdu. Majority of the population in the country now prefers the British education system and public schools are only filled by people of the lower income class who could not afford private education.
No doubt learning English is very important for the people of Pakistan but they should not forget that it is not the language which defines them or their culture. English should be used as a medium of education but the value of the mother language Urdu should not be undermined
Democracy in Pakistan short eassy
Democracy in Pakistan has been a topic of debate for several years and yet there is little consensus on whether democracy or dictatorship is in the best interest of Pakistan. The question is how is democracy defined and whether Pakistan was ever a democratic State? This needs to be determined before arguing on which type of political system would be better for the country.
First and foremost the pre-requisite of democracy is free and fair elections but little evidence is found to support the argument that the electoral process in Pakistan is fair. Votes could be bought by political parties for as cheap as Rs 10. Another practice which is common in the elections is of rigging and it does not allow the votes to be casted in a proper manner. In Pakistan a major crux of the population and the political parties and leaders support a democratic system of government. Any attempts to harm democracy in the country are treated with strong resentment from both the ruling party and the opposition. Despite all these facts it is believed that in Pakistan a democracy could never survive for long due to the incompetent people in the helm of affairs in the so called democratic system. When these democrats fail to run the affairs of the country, the military decides to take over and this has pretty much been the case since 1947. Various examples of military rulers in the country include Ayub Khan, Zia-ul-Haq and Pervez Musharaff.
There are various problems associated with Pakistan's democracy which does not allow it to be a successful form of government like it has been in the neighboring country India. A major reason for the failure of democracy is the amount of institutional imbalance in the country. Since independence the military and intelligence agencies were organized and developed while the democratic and political institutions were weak and vulnerable. This imbalance has always fortified bureaucracy and dictatorial governance. Secondly there has always been problem with Pakistani politicians in reaching a consensus on various policy issues. When policy matters are continuously debated in the parliament, it does not allow a democratic government to settle down and acts as a barrier for it to flourish.
Moreover, the type of leaders and political parties also determines how successful a democracy would be. For years the same political parties have stayed in power with the same bunch of supporters. They follow their old policies and do not realize the fact that there policies should evolve and change with time. For example the Pakistan Peoples Party founded by Mr Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto came into power a number of times and despite its failures it was elected again. The reason for this is that the supporters continue supporting the party because of their affection for the founder of the party and they do not care about the fact whether the current leader is competent or not.
There is no doubt that democracy is a generally acceptable way of going about the affairs of a country, however it is essential that the democracy fulfills the requirements of a true democracy which ensures complete freedom for people and fair elections. When competent people will be ruling the country then everyone including the military would be satisfied by the democratic rule.
First and foremost the pre-requisite of democracy is free and fair elections but little evidence is found to support the argument that the electoral process in Pakistan is fair. Votes could be bought by political parties for as cheap as Rs 10. Another practice which is common in the elections is of rigging and it does not allow the votes to be casted in a proper manner. In Pakistan a major crux of the population and the political parties and leaders support a democratic system of government. Any attempts to harm democracy in the country are treated with strong resentment from both the ruling party and the opposition. Despite all these facts it is believed that in Pakistan a democracy could never survive for long due to the incompetent people in the helm of affairs in the so called democratic system. When these democrats fail to run the affairs of the country, the military decides to take over and this has pretty much been the case since 1947. Various examples of military rulers in the country include Ayub Khan, Zia-ul-Haq and Pervez Musharaff.
There are various problems associated with Pakistan's democracy which does not allow it to be a successful form of government like it has been in the neighboring country India. A major reason for the failure of democracy is the amount of institutional imbalance in the country. Since independence the military and intelligence agencies were organized and developed while the democratic and political institutions were weak and vulnerable. This imbalance has always fortified bureaucracy and dictatorial governance. Secondly there has always been problem with Pakistani politicians in reaching a consensus on various policy issues. When policy matters are continuously debated in the parliament, it does not allow a democratic government to settle down and acts as a barrier for it to flourish.
Moreover, the type of leaders and political parties also determines how successful a democracy would be. For years the same political parties have stayed in power with the same bunch of supporters. They follow their old policies and do not realize the fact that there policies should evolve and change with time. For example the Pakistan Peoples Party founded by Mr Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto came into power a number of times and despite its failures it was elected again. The reason for this is that the supporters continue supporting the party because of their affection for the founder of the party and they do not care about the fact whether the current leader is competent or not.
There is no doubt that democracy is a generally acceptable way of going about the affairs of a country, however it is essential that the democracy fulfills the requirements of a true democracy which ensures complete freedom for people and fair elections. When competent people will be ruling the country then everyone including the military would be satisfied by the democratic rule.
Poverty in Pakistan Short Eassy
Poverty in Pakistan continues to be a source of distress for the country. The rise in poverty is a global phenomenon and developing countries like Pakistan seem to be the worst victims. Recession in the U.S and the European Union has pushed countries into higher levels of poverty and there seems to be no solution to this problem. According to the latest World Bank Reports Pakistan is ranked at number 43 in the list of countries most exposed to poverty.
In view of the Human Development Index about 63 % of the people in the country earn less than $2 per day and around 23 % live on under $1 per day. Unequal distribution of income in Pakistan is a major underlying cause of poverty in the country. About 10 % of the total population earns 27% of the total income of the country. Another World Bank report highlights the fact that 37.4% of the children in Pakistan below the age of five are underfed. Pakistan Planning Commission has revealed that the poverty rate in Pakistan has increased by 14 % in the previous three years. In recent times there has been a decrease in government spending for the society's welfare which has reduced the standard of living for the people in the country. The high rates of inflation and the unavailability of consumer products does no good to pull the country out of this misery.
Apart from the financial dimensions of poverty there are various other facets which make a person poor. For instance in Pakistan there is poverty of opportunity. Women in Pakistan have lesser opportunities to work in the labour market than men therefore women suffer from poverty more than men in the country do. This view is supported by the fact that the participation rate of women in Pakistan's labour market is just 13.7 % in contrast to men who have a participation rate of 70.4%.
There are various causes of poverty but the major reason for poverty in Pakistan is lack of governance. When people do not have confidence in a country's government they are not willing to invest in such an economy. Reduced investment means lesser employment opportunities which directly results in poverty. Poor governance has also caused a decrease in the efficiency of provision of social services that has not allowed any improvements in human development to take place. Moreover, the decrease in the GDP growth rate is a vital source for rise in the poverty levels. Poverty also depends on the structure on which a society is based. In Pakistan, the land ownership is highly unequally distributed between the rural populations which create an income gap within the rural sector.
Although rising poverty levels in Pakistan is an alarming situation, it is not something which can not be curtailed. The politicians need to stop fighting over their position in the government and should concentrate on solving the issues surrounding the country amongst which poverty is one. There is a need for considerable effort to increase jobs and employment opportunities for the people. The government should focus on investing in developing infrastructure which would automatically create jobs in the country. Other than that efforts should be made to improve the law and order situation in the country so that there is reinstatement of business activities so that poverty could be reduced.
In view of the Human Development Index about 63 % of the people in the country earn less than $2 per day and around 23 % live on under $1 per day. Unequal distribution of income in Pakistan is a major underlying cause of poverty in the country. About 10 % of the total population earns 27% of the total income of the country. Another World Bank report highlights the fact that 37.4% of the children in Pakistan below the age of five are underfed. Pakistan Planning Commission has revealed that the poverty rate in Pakistan has increased by 14 % in the previous three years. In recent times there has been a decrease in government spending for the society's welfare which has reduced the standard of living for the people in the country. The high rates of inflation and the unavailability of consumer products does no good to pull the country out of this misery.
Apart from the financial dimensions of poverty there are various other facets which make a person poor. For instance in Pakistan there is poverty of opportunity. Women in Pakistan have lesser opportunities to work in the labour market than men therefore women suffer from poverty more than men in the country do. This view is supported by the fact that the participation rate of women in Pakistan's labour market is just 13.7 % in contrast to men who have a participation rate of 70.4%.
There are various causes of poverty but the major reason for poverty in Pakistan is lack of governance. When people do not have confidence in a country's government they are not willing to invest in such an economy. Reduced investment means lesser employment opportunities which directly results in poverty. Poor governance has also caused a decrease in the efficiency of provision of social services that has not allowed any improvements in human development to take place. Moreover, the decrease in the GDP growth rate is a vital source for rise in the poverty levels. Poverty also depends on the structure on which a society is based. In Pakistan, the land ownership is highly unequally distributed between the rural populations which create an income gap within the rural sector.
Although rising poverty levels in Pakistan is an alarming situation, it is not something which can not be curtailed. The politicians need to stop fighting over their position in the government and should concentrate on solving the issues surrounding the country amongst which poverty is one. There is a need for considerable effort to increase jobs and employment opportunities for the people. The government should focus on investing in developing infrastructure which would automatically create jobs in the country. Other than that efforts should be made to improve the law and order situation in the country so that there is reinstatement of business activities so that poverty could be reduced.
SHORT EASSY PAKISTAN CULTURE
The culture of Pakistan includes various different cultures and societies of different ethnic backgrounds. In northern Pakistan there exists the Dardic, Wakhi and Burusho communities, the west comprises of the Baluch and the Pakhtoon, in eastern Pakistan there are the Muhajir and the Makarani communities and lastly in the east there are the Punjabis, Kashmiris and the Sindhis. The Pakistani culture is a mixture of all these cultures and ethnicities which have been significantly affected by the cultures of the neighboring countries including Turkish people, Persians, Afghans, Indians, the Southern and Central Asian Countries and of course for religious reasons the Middle East.
In older times Pakistan was known to be the heart of Culture due to its people of diverse backgrounds. There happens to be many cultural rituals and magnificent structures that have been adapted from the past ancient rulers and colonizers of the state. The Persian Empire is one empire which has had the greatest influence on Pakistan, in fact the rulers of the Persian Empire in Pakistan known as the satraps were once upon a time the wealthiest of the whole empire. Other significant empires which have had a great impact include the Afghan Empire, Mughal Empire and the British Empire (for a short duration).
The cultural history of Pakistan dates back to the Indus Valley Civilization which existed in 2800 - 1800 B.C., and was known for its amazing cities, organized sanitation, brilliant roads and exquisite societies. The culture of Pakistan seems to be so diverse because it has been invaded quite a few times and has been inhabited by a number of different people, each of them have left their traces of culture on the locals of the country. The more prominent invaders were the Greeks, Aryans, White Huns, Arabs, Turks, Mongol, Afghans, Buddhists and other Eurasian groups until and including the British who finally left in the 1940s.
There are differences in the cultural practices of different ethnic groups in dress, food and religious aspects; they show varying influence from Tibet, Nepal, India and Eastern Afghanistan. Pakistan was the first state in South Asia which received the complete influence of Islam; it has developed a unique Islamic identity, which is different from the areas of further west.
The sites and structures that Pakistan is home to include Zorastrian Fire Temples, Islamic Centers, Shia Shrines, Sufi Shrines, Sikh, Hindu and Pagan temples, gardens, palaces, tombs, historical structures and Mughal buildings. Pakistan is also known for its sculptures (Greco Buddhist friezes), ceramic crafts, jewelry, silk goods and engraved woodwork and metal work. The Pakistan society is predominantly multilingual and multicultural. The cultures within Pakistan though seem to have more similarities than differences as they have co-existed for several thousands of years (and seem to have the Aryan heritage).
More importantly after sixty years of integration in a state a unique Pakistani culture has emerged from within the many cultures that exist, especially in the urban areas where the various ethnic groups have lived together. The family values still hold respect and are significant, yet urbanization has increased the number of nuclear families, due to the socio economic constraints of the extended family in the traditional culture. Thus the culture of Pakistan is representative of its colorful history and the vibrant civilizations and empires that have existed in the region, however Pakistan has developed its own identity and culture amongst the many that have coexisted, by including variations of all the diverse ethnic cultures and practices of the various cultures.
In older times Pakistan was known to be the heart of Culture due to its people of diverse backgrounds. There happens to be many cultural rituals and magnificent structures that have been adapted from the past ancient rulers and colonizers of the state. The Persian Empire is one empire which has had the greatest influence on Pakistan, in fact the rulers of the Persian Empire in Pakistan known as the satraps were once upon a time the wealthiest of the whole empire. Other significant empires which have had a great impact include the Afghan Empire, Mughal Empire and the British Empire (for a short duration).
The cultural history of Pakistan dates back to the Indus Valley Civilization which existed in 2800 - 1800 B.C., and was known for its amazing cities, organized sanitation, brilliant roads and exquisite societies. The culture of Pakistan seems to be so diverse because it has been invaded quite a few times and has been inhabited by a number of different people, each of them have left their traces of culture on the locals of the country. The more prominent invaders were the Greeks, Aryans, White Huns, Arabs, Turks, Mongol, Afghans, Buddhists and other Eurasian groups until and including the British who finally left in the 1940s.
There are differences in the cultural practices of different ethnic groups in dress, food and religious aspects; they show varying influence from Tibet, Nepal, India and Eastern Afghanistan. Pakistan was the first state in South Asia which received the complete influence of Islam; it has developed a unique Islamic identity, which is different from the areas of further west.
The sites and structures that Pakistan is home to include Zorastrian Fire Temples, Islamic Centers, Shia Shrines, Sufi Shrines, Sikh, Hindu and Pagan temples, gardens, palaces, tombs, historical structures and Mughal buildings. Pakistan is also known for its sculptures (Greco Buddhist friezes), ceramic crafts, jewelry, silk goods and engraved woodwork and metal work. The Pakistan society is predominantly multilingual and multicultural. The cultures within Pakistan though seem to have more similarities than differences as they have co-existed for several thousands of years (and seem to have the Aryan heritage).
More importantly after sixty years of integration in a state a unique Pakistani culture has emerged from within the many cultures that exist, especially in the urban areas where the various ethnic groups have lived together. The family values still hold respect and are significant, yet urbanization has increased the number of nuclear families, due to the socio economic constraints of the extended family in the traditional culture. Thus the culture of Pakistan is representative of its colorful history and the vibrant civilizations and empires that have existed in the region, however Pakistan has developed its own identity and culture amongst the many that have coexisted, by including variations of all the diverse ethnic cultures and practices of the various cultures.
CHILD LABOUR DIFINATION
"CHILD IS THE FATHER OF MAN" the famous lines by William Wordworth. It symbolizes the need of children in building a healthy nation and society. Childhood is the first stage after infancy. It is the formative period in men's life. For their minds are very soft, receptive and plastic at this tender age.
Children’s mind is like potter's clay. It has to be shaped in a right manner. A child normally has to enjoy its childhood days with its parents, teachers, friends, etc. It is the age where fine and long lasting impressions gather in child's mind.
Childhood is the best time to develop spiritual, intellectual, emotional support. But this rule of nature has been crippled by the perilous child labour
Every child has his right to enjoy his childhood. But inspite of this a few children are forcefully put to work throughout the world about 250million children are child labourer. Due to poverty poor parents put their children to work in order to supplement the family's economic status.
This conceal's the talent and interests in them. Their urge to go to school is dissmised by their parents. This makes the nation lose a few creative minds. The children are deprived of education. They are made to work under threatening conditions. They are overworked and under paid children are made to shine shoe on footpaths, they work as milkboys, ragpickers, house maids, cleaners in hotels....etc.
We can find children selling newspapers on highways. All such adverse practices are to be abolished once for all, without leaving its traces for future generations
Children’s mind is like potter's clay. It has to be shaped in a right manner. A child normally has to enjoy its childhood days with its parents, teachers, friends, etc. It is the age where fine and long lasting impressions gather in child's mind.
Childhood is the best time to develop spiritual, intellectual, emotional support. But this rule of nature has been crippled by the perilous child labour
Every child has his right to enjoy his childhood. But inspite of this a few children are forcefully put to work throughout the world about 250million children are child labourer. Due to poverty poor parents put their children to work in order to supplement the family's economic status.
This conceal's the talent and interests in them. Their urge to go to school is dissmised by their parents. This makes the nation lose a few creative minds. The children are deprived of education. They are made to work under threatening conditions. They are overworked and under paid children are made to shine shoe on footpaths, they work as milkboys, ragpickers, house maids, cleaners in hotels....etc.
We can find children selling newspapers on highways. All such adverse practices are to be abolished once for all, without leaving its traces for future generations
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